Among Armenian archaeoastronomy heritage, there are Metzamor and Zorats Karer observatories, ancient rock art with astronomical signs, the Armenian ancient calendar, Anania Shirakatsi’s heritage, medieval sky charts, etc.

Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO) is the main research centre for astronomy in Armenia. Founded in 1946 by the great Armenian scientist Viktor Ambartsumian, BAO has been famous for its surveys, studies on instability phenomena in the Universe and theoretical studies. At present BAO has 44 researchers. A number of physicists carry out studies on astrophysical topics, such as cosmology, galaxy dynamics, physics of compact cosmic objects, relativistic astrophysics, etc. Armenian Astronomical Society (ArAS) unifies most of Armenian astronomers throughout the world, has 95 members and runs a number of activities. Armenian Virtual Observatory (ArVO) was established in 2005 based on the digitization project of famous Markarian survey (DFBS) and is a member of the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA). Astrophysics (Russian version: Astrofizika) is a peer reviewed journal published by the Armenian National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Byurakan International Summer Schools (BISS) are one of the regular astronomical summer schools in the world. Yerevan State University (YSU) Department of Physics provides astrophysics students by means of its Chair of General Physics and Astrophysics. Armenian pupils have been rather successful at International Astronomical Olympiads (IAO) and International Olympiads on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA).